Linux WIKI （V）（TUVWXYZ）

2007/12/22 下午 10:29

T Tarballs Many pieces of software for Linux don't come in precompiled form, but rather as a bundle of  source code files. These files are appended one to another (with the tar utility) and zipped  (compressed) with gzip. Their names are often "hop.tar.gz" or "hop.tgz" 许多Linux软件都没有以预编译的形式出现，而是以源代码文件包的形式。这些文件打包 到一个文件中（通过tar工具）并用gzip打包（压缩）。它们的名字通常 是"hop.tar.gz"或"hop.tgz"。 In order to install these programs one needs to unpack them (unzipping and un-tarring) and often to  compile them. GNU compliant software is usually easy to compile. 为了安装这些程序，一是需要解包（unzipping and un-tarring）同时通常还需要编译它们。 GNU相关软件通常可以很容易进行编译。 Always read the README file before doing anything other than unpacking! 在解包后最好做其他任何事之前，读一下README文件。 U UID, SetUID A number representating a user. The root user's UID is 0. A program is usually run under the UID  of the person who executes it (emacs, gcc, vi) except those that need to do special things (passwd,  chsh) that are run as setUID root. These are the programs that are allowed to do things that only  root is allowed to do, such as changing a password, or writing things to the screen of everyone on  the system. These programs must be kept to a few because of the security risk that they represent. 代替一个用户的数字。根用户的UID是0。程序通常在执行该程序（emacs, gcc, vi)的用户 UID下运行，除非该程序需要通过设置根用户UID（即SetUID）来运行一些特定的任务 （passwd, chsh）。也有些程序被允许做一些只有根用户才能被允许做的事，如改变密码或 将系统上每个人的屏幕上写东西。正如它所描述的那样，出于安全考虑这些程序必须只能 保留少量。 Owner The user with individual permissions to a file or directory. By default, the owner is the user who  originally created the file, but it can be changed to someone else with the chown command. 对一个文件或目录拥有独立权限的用户。一般来说所有者是始建文件的用户，但它也可以 通过chown命令改成其它人。 See Also access permissions, chown. 参见access permissions, chown Unicode It's quite obvious that 8-bit ASCII can't be used to represent all the possible characters in the world  (think of the chinese ideograms !). So a new encoding has been devised, called Unicode, with  enough room for all possible characters of all existing languages (sort of). 8位ASCII字符并不能表示世界上所有可能的符号（如中国的表意文字），这是十分明显的 。所以一个新的编码被设计同来，叫Unicode。它有足够的位置来表示所有存在语言的全 部可能的字符。 W Wildcard A special regular expression, noted * , the wildcard is expanded to any and all possible values. 特点的规则表达式，如著名的*，通配符可以表示任意或全部可能的值。 * means all possible values, hop* means all values that start by "hop", and so on... * 可以表示所有可能的值，hop*表示以hop开始的所有值，诸如此类... Window Manager see X 参见X X Extensible Markup Language A widely-used data representation format. 一种被广泛使用的数据表示形式。 See Also Standard Generalized Markup Language. 参见Standard Generalized Markup Language X aka "The X Window System" 也称为“X窗口系统” and many other (more or less correct) names (but don't just say 'Windows', argh...) 还有许多其他（基本上都算正确）的叫法（但不会被叫成“Windows”，argh...） It is the system that is used to display graphical things on the screen. 这是一种被用来在屏幕上显示图形事物的系统。 An X server waits for "events" such as motion from the mouse, keypresses... It can then send this  information to X clients such as Xterm, xv, that may run on different computers. X服务器等待“事件”的发生，如监视鼠标，击键...等。然后它将该事件的信息发送给X客 户端，如Xterm，xv等，这些客户端也可以运行在其他计算机上。 The way an X display looks like is set by a window manager whose job is to, ahem, manage your  windows and their look. Smile (Borders, background image...) X显示的方式看上去象是被窗口管理器所设置，该管理器的任务就是管理你的窗口和它们 的外观。Smile（边界，背景图片...） Y YMMV Your Mileage May Vary 此法对你可能不灵 Z Zip Usually, large files (or group of files) are compressed in order to save disk space. The most widely  found standard is "zip".(winzip in Windows(r), gzip in Unix), these standards are two versions of an  old algorithm called Lempel-Ziv (LZ)(1977). 通常压缩大文件（或一组文件）是为了节省磁盘空间，大多数人广泛使用的创建标准是“ zip”（Windows下是winzip，Unix下是gzip）。这些标准其实是一个叫Lempel-Ziv(LZ)(1997) 老算法的两个版本。 In Unix, zipped files usually bear the extension .gz (sometimes .tgz see Tar), use gzip file to zip  (compress) and gunzip file to unzip (decompress). 在Unix下，zipped文件通常后缀名是.gz（有时是.tgz，参见Tar），使用gzip文件去zip（压缩 ）并用gunzip文件去unzip（解压）。