GRUB101

GRUB 101

For a variety of reasons, you may need to repair your master boot record (MBR). Some of the common reasons include: a) Installing or reinstalling Windows after you have installed your Linux system (you will boot right into Windows, without an option to use Linux).

因为很多的理由，你可能需要修复你的主引导记录（MBR）。一些共同的理由包括：a）在已经安装了Linux系统的情况下安装或者重装Windows系统。（你开机可能就直接进入Windows而根本没有Linux这个选项）
b) Using PartImage to clone partitions to a new drive, as explained in issue 12 (you will get an error message, usually “No operating system found”).

b) 用PartImage程序克隆了分区到另一个硬盘上去，就像在第十二期杂志上解释的那样（你将会收到一个错误信息，通常是“找不到操作系统”）
c) Installing another Linux distro, and forgetting to configure the bootloader to not overwrite the MBR, something I typically do (you will get the new bootloader, which may not have your Ubuntu system as an option).

c) 安装了另外的Linux发行版，并且忘记了设置引导不要覆盖MBR，我惯常犯类似的问题。（我觉得直接翻译过来就是：我典型地做一些这样的事情，我觉得还是翻译为“我惯常犯类似的问题”比较好）（你将会得到一个新的引导，而这个引导可能没有进入Ubuntu的选项）

Repairing GRUB

修复GRUB

Not to worry, if you have a live CD (as long as it has GRUB). In eight steps, you will have your GRUB menu back.

不要担心，如果你有一张live CD（只要它有GRUB）。八步就可以让你找回之前丢失的GRUB菜单！

Steps 1 & 2:

步骤1、2：
Boot the CD and open a terminal.

开机运行live CD然后打开终端。

Steps 3 & 4:

步骤4、4：
Type:
grub

输入grub

Then:
find /boot/grub/stage1

然后输入：find /boot/grub/stage1

The output of the find command is important, as you will use it in Step 5. Alternatively, you could mount your partition, open /boot/grub/menu.lst (from the hard drive, not from the root of the live environment), scroll down to the uncommented （抱歉，无法理解）line that says “root (hdx,x)”, close, umount, and continue. If you know which partition you need, you can skip this step.

find 命令的输出文字是很重要的，就像你将会在第五步用到的一样。作为选择，你可以挂载你的分区，打开/boot/grub/menu.lst (是你的硬盘里的文件，而不是live环境加载的），滚屏到写着“root （hdx,x）”，关闭，卸载，然后继续。如果你知道你需要哪个分区，你可以跳过这一步。

Steps 5-8:

步骤5-8
Type:
root (hdx,x) <output of find command>

输入：

root (hdx,x) <output of find command>

Then:
setup (hd0)

然后输入：

setup (hd0)

Followed by:
quit

接着输入：

quit

And finally:
reboot

最后输入：

reboot

What do steps 5 and 6 do? Step 5 tells grub what partition to boot from, and step 6 writes that information to the master boot record of the first hard drive.

第五步和第六步是干什么用的？第五步告诉grub从什么分区引导，第六步给第一个硬盘的主引导记录写下了信息。

Modifying GRUB

修改GRUB

When you reboot into your system, open a terminal and enter:

sudo <your favorite editor> /boot/grub/menu.lst

当你重启然后进入系统之后，打开终端，输入：

sudo <你喜欢的编辑器> /boot/grub/menu.lst

Below are two example entries (for both Windows and Linux) that are included in the menu.lst file.

下面是两个包含在menu.lst文件的例子（Linux和Windows都可以）

# title  Windows 95/98/NT/2000 
# root  (hd0,0) 
 # makeactive 
# chainloader +1 
# 
# title  Linux 
# root  (hd0,1) 
 # kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro

Copy and paste to the bottom whichever you need, uncomment （跟前面的问题一样，我估计这个指的是#，不过不知道怎么表达好）all of the lines (remove #), change the line “root (hd0,1)”, as needed, and give it a try by booting into your other partition(s).

复制，然后粘贴搭配你需要的位置的下面，去掉这些行前面的“#”，改变“root（hd0,1）”这行，如果需要，通过引导到其他分区试试。

Bio: Damon Rios is finishing a Baccalaureate degree in Computer Information Systems. His area of specialization is networking, including setting up and maintaining servers, but he cannot stand programming. He has been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about a year, and has contributed to FCM, as both a writer and a proofreader.

Bio:Damon Rios将要完成计算机信息系统的学士学位。他的专业是网络，包括建立和维护服务器，但是他不喜欢编程。他已经使用Linux（Ubuntu）一年了，已经给《Full Circle》供稿，既是作者也是校对。